HomebrewNumbersAbout

Homebrewing calculators

Gravity, alcohol, bitterness and carbonation — each one showing the formula it used and citing where that formula comes from, so you can check the answer instead of trusting it.

Where the numbers come from

Brewing calculators disagree with each other more than you would expect, because several of the formulas in common use are empirical fits rather than derivations, and different tools quietly pick different ones. The ABV pages here show two formulas side by side for exactly that reason — at ordinary strengths they agree, and at high gravity they part by nearly a percent.

Where a formula's source could not be retrieved, the calculator is simply not here. That is why there is no Rager bitterness model — its gravity adjustment is published but its utilisation table is not — and no mash or strike water calculator, since the canonical reference for it is currently unreachable. Each page says which sources it used and when they were retrieved.